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3. Why does memory need to be managed?

All memory is limited. And so, like any limited resource it needs to be managed. This is the task of the memory manager which is part of the operating system.

The memory manager needs to allocate memory to programs and processes that demand to be run at the same time.

Also, these processes and applications need to be protected from one another so that they do not overwrite each other.

A memory manager should not allow one program to affect the running of another program. i.e. it keeps each process entirely separate so that the operating system can load and unload applications without any problem. This is data security.

The memory manager should allow many applications to run at the same time. To do this it must allow applications to share memory.